Gaddafi became the de facto leader of the country on 1 September 1969, after leading a group of young Libyan military officers against King Idris I in a nonviolent revolution and bloodless coup d'état. The history of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi spanned 42 years from 1969 to 2011. Main article: History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi Libyan oil production collapsed during the two civil wars. On October 23, 2020, parties signed a permanent ceasefire. During both civil wars, the output of Libya's economically crucial oil industry collapsed to a small fraction of its usual level, with most facilities blockaded or damaged by rival groups, despite having the largest oil reserves of any African country. The crisis in Libya has resulted in tens of thousands of casualties since the onset of violence in early 2011. The civil war's aftermath and proliferation of armed groups led to violence and instability across the country, which erupted into renewed civil war in 2014. The Libyan Crisis is the current humanitarian crisis and political-military instability occurring in Libya, beginning with the Arab Spring protests of 2011, which led to a civil war, foreign military intervention, and the ousting and death of Muammar Gaddafi.
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